Dissertations / Theses: 'Mal du simulateur' – Grafiati (2024)

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E « mal du simulateur », qui s’apparente jusqu’à un certain point au mal des transports, est particulièrement problématique. La compréhension des causes du mal du simulateur et l'identification de procédés pour réduire l’occurrence de ce dernier sont des enjeux importants dans la mesure où elle introduit un biais double dans les résultats acquis : la population étudiée est filtrée « à la porte » et où le conducteur qui souffre de mal du simulateur risque d’avoir des comportements de conduite altérés.L'hypothèse que nous défendons dans le cadre de cette thèse concerne la relation entre « contrôlabilité » du système (le simulateur) et mal du simulateur. En simulation de conduite, le conducteur fait partie intégrante de la boucle : il initie les mouvements et reçoit les réponses du système. Notre hypothèse est que, dans ce cadre, un mauvais contrôle du déplacement du véhicule simulé induit des déplacements erratiques, perçus par le conducteur comme ne correspondant pas à ses attentes (du fait de son expérience de conduite antérieure) et donc non-acceptables.Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons repensé les modalités d’interfaçage conducteur/simulateur d’un simulateur de conduite moto préexistant : architecture matérielle et logicielle, structure capteurs/actionneurs de la colonne de direction, modèle de véhicule implémenté. Le simulateur, dans sa version actuelle, permet un meilleur degré de contrôlabilité par le conducteur pour des vitesses de déplacement moyennes à hautes
“Simulator sickness,” which is to some extent similar to motion sickness, is particularly problematic. Understanding the causes of simulator sickness and identifying ways to reduce its occurrence are important issues insofar as, on the one hand, the “at the door” filtering of the population studied on the simulator (people who are not susceptible) introduces bias in the results acquired and, on the other hand, a driver who suffers from simulator sickness is likely to behave differently in terms of their driving, which also introduces bias.The hypothesis we defend in this thesis concerns the relationship between the "controllability" of the system (the simulator) and simulator sickness.In driving simulation, the driver is an integral part of the loop: they initiate the movements and receive the system responses. Our hypothesis is that, in this context, a poor control of the simulated vehicle movement induces erratic movements, perceived by the driver as not corresponding to their expectations (because of their previous driving experience) and therefore unacceptable.To evaluate this hypothesis, we have redesigned the rider/simulator interfacing modalities of a pre- existing motorcycle simulator: hardware and software architecture, sensor/actuator structure of the steering column, and implemented vehicle model. In its current version, the simulator allows a higher degree of controllability by the driver for medium to high speeds

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La simulation de conduite est fortement utilisée dans la recherche et le développement pour l'industrie automobile. Les simulateurs de conduite sont utilisés pour évaluer les prototypes véhicules pour la dynamique du véhicule et les systèmes d'aide à la conduite. Cependant, l'utilisation des simulateurs de conduite induit une problématique scientifique qui peut limiter son développement. En raison de son principe même, le simulateur de conduite ne restitue pas des mouvements du véhicule à l'échelle 1. Ce verrou cause des phénomènes de mal du simulateur qu'il est important d'étudier.Cette thèse propose d'étudier des méthodes et outils à mettre en œuvre dans les simulateurs de conduite statique ou dynamique. De cette mise en œuvre, des études sur le mal du simulateur sont menées grâce à des mesures objectives (via un capteur de suivi de mouvement, plate-forme de stabilité du corps, électromyographie) et subjectives (par l'intermédiaire de questionnaires). Des solutions algorithmiques et matérielles sont proposées et évaluées dans le contexte de la simulation de conduite.Les approches proposées dans cette thèse pour réduire le mal du simulateur sont:- Elaborer et évaluer les algorithmes de contrôle de la plate-forme mobile hexapode: sept algorithmes différents sont mis en œuvre.- Mesurer les effets liés au mal de simulateur sur les sujets aux niveaux vestibulaire, neuromusculaire et posturale.- Evaluer l'influence de l'implication des sujets sur le mal de simulateur (conducteurs et passagers)
Simulation has been intensively involved nowadays in research and development for automotive industry. Driving simulators are one of those simulation techniques which are used to evaluate the prototypes for the vehicle dynamics and driving assistance systems. However with the driving simulator, there is a lock associated with its use. Because representing a permanent scenario as scale 1 is quite difficult. Because of that difficulty, motion/simulator sickness is an inevitably important topic to study.This thesis proposes to explore methods and tools to implement in static or dynamic simulators. In this implementation, studies of simulator sickness are conducted with objective measures (via a motion tracking sensor, platform for body stability, electromyography) and subjective (through questionnaires). These algorithmic or hardware solutions studies should be defined and applied at simulators. The proposed approaches to reduce or avoid simulator sickness in this thesis are:- Building control algorithms of motion hexapod platform: seven different algorithms are implemented.- Measuring the effects of inertia on subjects at vestibular, neuromuscular and postural levels.- Assessing the involvement of subjects (drivers and passengers)

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La simulation de conduite est fortement utilisée dans la recherche et le développement pour l'industrie automobile. Les simulateurs de conduite sont utilisés pour évaluer les prototypes véhicules pour la dynamique du véhicule et les systèmes d'aide à la conduite. Cependant, l'utilisation des simulateurs de conduite induit une problématique scientifique qui peut limiter son développement. En raison de son principe même, le simulateur de conduite ne restitue pas des mouvements du véhicule à l'échelle 1. Ce verrou cause des phénomènes de mal du simulateur qu'il est important d'étudier.Cette thèse propose d'étudier des méthodes et outils à mettre en œuvre dans les simulateurs de conduite statique ou dynamique. De cette mise en œuvre, des études sur le mal du simulateur sont menées grâce à des mesures objectives (via un capteur de suivi de mouvement, plate-forme de stabilité du corps, électromyographie) et subjectives (par l'intermédiaire de questionnaires). Des solutions algorithmiques et matérielles sont proposées et évaluées dans le contexte de la simulation de conduite.Les approches proposées dans cette thèse pour réduire le mal du simulateur sont:- Elaborer et évaluer les algorithmes de contrôle de la plate-forme mobile hexapode: sept algorithmes différents sont mis en œuvre.- Mesurer les effets liés au mal de simulateur sur les sujets aux niveaux vestibulaire, neuromusculaire et posturale.- Evaluer l'influence de l'implication des sujets sur le mal de simulateur (conducteurs et passagers).

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Industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) is an application area of WSN used in industrial process monitoring and control with strict timeand reliability requirement. WirelessHART standard is the first international standard for IWSN approved by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This is worthwhile to implement this standard on simulator platform. Based on the study of WirelessHART standard, this thesis set up a primary implementation of the MAC layer of WirelessHART standard. To our best knowledge, this is the first comprehensive implementation of WirelessHART using OPNET simulator. The implementation has been evaluated rational. And some improvement of current implementation and standard have also been proposed and implemented. Flexible dedicated slot assignment has alsobeen proposed to reduce the packet loss rate caused by influences of the physical channel.

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Il existe aujourd'hui de nombreux procédés de soudage répondant à la très grande variété d'assemblage à réaliser et aux caractéristiques des métaux utilisés. Le premier chapitre décrit les différentes sources d'énergie utilisées en soudage. Suite à cela, une explication plus détaillée du soudage à l'arc électrique est donnée. Enfin nous présentons la conception d'une plateforme d'essai de soudage.
Il est possible, bien sûr, d'utiliser une approche empirique pour optimiser un procédé. Néanmoins il y a des avantages à choisir une approche analytique puisqu'on peut en attendre des avancées significatives dans la compréhension des interactions dynamiques présentes dans l'arc. C'est pourquoi nous présentons dans le chapitre 2 les connaissances théoriques de la physique quant au comportement du métal liquide transféré en soudage MIG/MAG.
Ce travail comporte donc également un aspect expérimental nécessaire à l'élaboration des bases de données utilisées pour la construction des modèles. Les différents enregistrements ont été effectués au CTAS sur une plate forme équipée d'un système d'acquisition de données pour les mesures de tension, courant, vitesse fil et d'un système de vidéo rapide. Le chapitre 3 présente notre recherche d'une méthode de segmentation permettant d'obtenir le suivi de variables pertinentes. Nous y proposons un capteur logiciel basé sur la théorie des contours actifs et montrons de bons résultats obtenus sur des vidéos expérimentales.
Une étape d'ajustement de certains paramètres est indispensable. Elle est donnée dans le chapitre 4. Le simulateur créé permet d'interpréter certains phénomènes importants en soudage, de réaliser une étude de sensibilité « sans risque » et de donner les signatures théoriques de défauts.

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The Internet has mainly been interconnecting stationary computers by wired links, but an increasing number of mobile clients require wireless communication. One way to connect these clients is to use the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, UMTS. UMTS is a third generation mobile system.

A network can be seen as nodes interconnected by links. The functionality of the nodes can be described as a layered hierarchy. A reference model for this hierarchy was developed by OSI. In this model the second lowest layer is called data link layer. The data link layer is responsible for making the raw transmission appear error free to upper layers.

The focus for this thesis is the data link layer in the UMTS. Compared to the data link layer in a wired scenario it contains more control and error correction mechanisms. These mechanisms use a lot of timers and triggers, which makes it very difficult to analyze them mathematically. Therefore simulation is the preferred method.

For the simulations the network simulator version 2 was used. This is an open source discrete event simulator. It has a modularized wireless stack already implemented. This can not be used to simulate UMTS though. Some modules in this stack were replaced by a new implementation to make simulations on UMTS possible.

Tests were performed on the new implementation and the results were what could be expected. The results were also consistent with previous research in the area.

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Aujourd’hui, les réseaux sans fils sont de plus en plus mobiles et sont déployés dans des environnements souvent très contraignants. Ces réseaux doivent être autonomes avec peu de maintenance et avoir une durée de vie optimisée. De plus, ces réseaux souffrent d’interférence entre les différentes technologies (cross) ou au sein de la même technologie (mutual). L’objectif de cette thèse est de garantir des communications sans fils pour l’internet des Objets (IoT) ultra-fiables, efficaces énergétiquement et robustes aux interférences en exploitant efficacement les caractéristiques des nouvelles radios au sein d’une pile protocolaire de communication.Durant cette thèse, nous proposons d’étudier de nouveaux protocoles de communication adaptatifs aux conditions du canal et d’interférence visant à la fois l’auto-déploiement de réseaux de capteurs dans des environnements contraignants et l’optimisation de la durée de vie du réseau dans des environnements contraignants.Nous nous concentrerons sur une approche statique dans le cadre de l’automatisation du déploiement de réseaux dans des environnements contraignants. Le protocole détectera, caractérisera et s’adaptera aux conditions du canal (pseudo statique) pour optimiser le bilan de liaison de chaque lien puis diagnostiquera le déploiement
Today's Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs) are becoming more mobile and are often deployed in harsh environments. These networks must be autonomous with light maintenance and having an optimized lifetime. Moreover, these networks suffer from interferences between these different technologies (cross) or within the same technology (mutual).The aim of this thesis is to ensure wireless communications the Internet of Things (IoT) with high reliability, energy-efficiency and robustness to interferences by efficiently exploiting the characteristics of last generation transceivers within a communication protocol stack.During this thesis, we propose to study channel and interference aware communication protocols for both self-deployment of WSNs in restrictive and constrained environment and energy efficient optimization.We will focus on a static approach in the context of the network deployment automation in restrictive and constrained environments. The protocol will detect, characterize and adapt to channel conditions to optimize the link budget of each link and then diagnostic the deployment

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"Mapping is a way of visualizing parts of the world and maps are largely diagrammatic and two dimensional. There is usually a one-to-one correspondence between places in the world and places on the map, but while there are limitless aspects to the world, the cartographer can only select a few to map" Daniel Dorling, 1996 Map generalization is the process by which small scale maps are derived from large scale maps. This requires the application of operations such as simplification, selection, displacement and amalgamation to map features subsequent to scale reduction. The work is concerned with the problem of effective rendering of large scale datasets on small display devices by developing appropriate map generalization techniques for generating schematic maps. With the advent of high-end miniature technology and large scale digital geographic data products it is essential to devise proper methodologies and techniques for the automated generation of schematic maps specifically tailored for mobile GIS applications. Schematic maps are diagrammatic representation based on linear abstractions of networks. Transportation networks are the key candidates for applying schematization to help ease the interpretation of information by the process of cartographic abstraction. This study looks at how simulated annealing optimisation technique can be successfully applied for automated generation of schematic maps from large scale digital geographic datasets tailored specifically for mobile GIS applications. The software developed makes use of a simulated annealing based schematic map generator algorithm to generate route maps from OSCAR® dataset corresponding to a series of user defined start and end points. The generated schematic route maps are displayed and tested on mobile handheld devices shows promising results for mobile GIS applications. This work concentrates on the automatic generation of schematic maps, which, in the context of mobile mapping, are seen as being a particularly useful means of displaying routes for way finding type and utility network applications.

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This Master Thesis presents the design of the core of a fixed point general purpose multimedia DSP processor (MDSP) and its instruction set. This processor employs parallel processing techniques and specialized addressing models to speed up the processing of multimedia applications.

The MDSP has a dual MAC structure with one enhanced MAC that provides a SIMD, Single Instruction Multiple Data, unit consisting of four parallel data paths that are optimized for accelerating multimedia applications. The SIMD unit performs four multimedia- oriented 16- bit operations every clock cycle. This accelerates computationally intensive procedures such as video and audio decoding. The MDSP uses a memory bank of four memories to provide multiple accesses of source data each clock cycle.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of sensor nodes, characterized by low power constraint, limited transmission range and limited computational capabilities [1][2].The cost of these devices is constantly decreasing, making it possible to use a large number of sensor devices in a wide array of commercial, environmental, military, and healthcare fields. Some of these applications involve placing the sensors evenly spaced on a straight line for example in roads, bridges, tunnels, water catchments and water pipelines, city drainages, oil and gas pipelines etc., making a special class of these networks which we define as a Linear Wireless Network (LWN). In LWNs, data transmission happens hop by hop from the source to the destination, through a route composed of multiple relays. The peculiarity of the topology of LWNs, motivates the design of specialized protocols, taking advantage of the linearity of such networks, in order to increase reliability, communication efficiency, energy savings, network lifetime and to minimize the end-to-end delay [3]. In this thesis a novel contention based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol called L-CSMA, specifically devised for LWNs is presented. The basic idea of L-CSMA is to assign different priorities to nodes based on their position along the line. The priority is assigned in terms of sensing duration, whereby nodes closer to the destination are assigned shorter sensing time compared to the rest of the nodes and hence higher priority. This mechanism speeds up the transmission of packets which are already in the path, making transmission flow more efficient. Using NS-3 simulator, the performance of L-CSMA in terms of packets success rate, that is, the percentage of packets that reach destination, and throughput are compared with that of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol, de-facto standard for wireless sensor networks. In general, L-CSMA outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol.

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The thesis proposes a novel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol designed to work in a new LoRa-based railway signalling system able to locate and verify the integrity of the train over the track. This new signalling system has been thought to realize a cost-effective solution for the implementation of the ERTMS-ETCS in secondary regional lines.However, the MAC protocols already present in literature are not able to meet the stringent requirement of the system neither in terms of latency nor in terms of coverage.In the thesis, a synchronous beacon-based protocol, able to respect both the coverage and the latency requirement of the system, is proposed. It can be considered as the sum of two different communication protocols: one based on a start topology and the other based on a linear multi-hop topology.To evaluate the performance of the protocol a dynamic time-discrete event simulator, written in Python, was created accounting for all the application features: it implements both architectures, the whole synchronization procedure and the data transmission phase.

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Cette etude montre comment la prise en compte des aspects cognitifs de l'activite des operateurs en situation incidentelle permet une meilleure definition des criteres de conception des interfaces de conduite. Un simulateur du circuit de controle volumetrique (rcv) d'un reacteur pwr 900 mw est developpe. Deux imageries differentes en termes de modes de presentation de l'information et de decoupage en images sont comparees en realisant des essais en situation incidentelle avec 24 operateurs. Le protocole de ces essais permet de mettre en evidence les criteres de conception qui facilitent ou perturbent les differentes phases des diagnostics. Un pupitre classique permettant le pilotage du meme circuit est utilise comme referent pour toutes les comparaisons des performances des diagnostics incidentels

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Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um Simulador do Reator de Pesquisa IEAR1. O Simulador foi desenvolvido com Visual C++ em duas etapas: 1) construção dos modelos matemáticos e 2) criação e configuração de interfaces gráficas em um aplicativo Windows XP. Utilizou-se uma modelagem simplificada dos principais fenômenos físicos: o nuclear através de cinética pontual, e o modelo de térmica e hidráulica através das leis de conservação de massa e energia no canal médio do reator. As equações diferenciais dinâmicas dos processos nucleares, térmicos e hidráulicos foram solucionadas pela técnica de diferenças finitas através do método de Runge-Kutta de 4ª ordem. Foram modelados os sistemas: controle de reatividade, resfriamento do reator e proteção do reator. As variáveis de processo são armazenadas em arquivos ASCII. O Simulador permite o usuário navegar por interfaces gráficas dos sistemas e monitorar tendências dos transientes de operação sendo uma ferramenta interativa para ensino e treinamento de operadores do IEA-R1. Este também pode ser usado por alunos e professores no ensino de teoria de reatores, térmica e hidráulica. O Simulador permite simulações de operações de partida, manobra de potência e parada.
This work reports the development of a Simulator for the IEA-R1 Research Reactor. The Simulator was developed with Visual C++ in two stages: 1) construction of the mathematics models and 2) development and configuration of graphics interfaces in a Windows XP executable. A simplified modeling was used for main physics phenomena, using a point kinetics model for the nuclear process and the energy and mass conservation laws in the average channel of the reactor for the thermal hydraulic process. The dynamics differential equations were solved by using finite differences through the 4th order Runge- Kutta method. The reactivity control, reactor cooling, and reactor protection systems were also modeled. The process variables are stored in ASCII files. The Simulator allows navigating by screens of the systems and monitoring tendencies of the operational transients, being an interactive tool for teaching and training of IEA-R1 operators. It also can be used by students, professors, and researchers in teaching activities in reactor and thermal hydraulics theory. The Simulator allows simulations of operations of start up, power maneuver, and shut down.

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During an under-body blast (UBB) event, an improvised explosive device (IED) delivers a high-energy blast beneath a military vehicle, exposing mounted Warfighters to considerable risk of severe lower extremity injuries. Loftis and Gillich (2014) determined that the lower leg and ankle region is the most common body region to sustain skeletal injury in military mounted combat events, comprising twenty-one percent of cases reported in the Joint Trauma Analysis and Prevention of Injuries in Combat (JTAPIC) database between 2010 and 2012. Injuries of the lower extremity are not always life-threatening. However, from a survivability standpoint, these injuries may affect the ability of the Warfighter to self-extricate and ambulate in the immediate aftermath of an UBB event. In addition, lower extremity injuries can lead to long term health complications and reduced quality of life (Dischinger et al., 2004). While some comparisons can be drawn from the study of civilian automotive crashes; the impact level, rate, location, and directions in UBB are fundamentally different for the lower extremity. Therefore, substantial research efforts to characterize and assess injuries unique to UBB are essential. The Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan), the Tech Demonstrator version of which was introduced by Pietsch et al. (2016), is the only anthropomorphic test device (ATD) designed to evaluate injury patterns in UBB conditions. However, there are no known injury assessment tools for the female Warfighter at this time. The overarching goal of this research effort is to determine the origin of potential differences in the response of females and males in UBB conditions. The results of this work contribute to the body of research concerning high-rate axial loading of the lower extremity and form the first detailed biomechanical account of UBB effects on female PMHS. This work will inform future decisions regarding the requirements for a valid injury assessment capability for female Warfighters in the UBB environment and the subsequent research needed to support those requirements. Ultimately, advancements can be made in modeling and simulation capabilities, injury assessment criteria, test methodologies, and design approaches for safer military ground vehicles and personal protective equipment (PPE). Improvements in these technologies will reduce morbidity and mortality rates among the U.S. Warfighter population, both male and female.
During an under-body blast (UBB) event, an improvised explosive device (IED) delivers a high-energy blast beneath a military vehicle. Energy from the explosive is imparted to the occupants primarily through the floor and seats of the vehicle, exposing the occupants to considerable risk of injuries to the lower extremity. Compared to civilian automotive crashes, the lower extremities of occupants in UBB scenarios are exposed to greater forces, applied at higher rates, and in different locations and directions. To improve current vehicle systems and personal protective equipment (PPE), it is crucial to develop tools to evaluate injuries in UBB scenarios. One such tool is a test dummy, which is designed to quantify loads, deflections, and accelerations experienced by occupants during a crash. These measured values are compared to accepted thresholds, above which injury is likely to occur. The Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan), which is representative of the 50th-percentile male, is the only test dummy designed to evaluate injuries in UBB conditions. However, there are no known injury assessment tools for the female Warfighter at this time. The overarching goal of this research effort is to determine the origin of potential differences in the response of females and males in UBB conditions. The results of this work contribute to the body of research concerning high-rate axial loading of the lower extremity and form the first detailed biomechanical account of UBB effects on female post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS). The results will inform the development of injury assessment tools for female Warfighters, which will ultimately lead to improvements in technologies to reduce morbidity and mortality rates among the U.S. Warfighter population, both male and female.

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This master’s thesis is mainly focused on creating our own car driving simulator and basic data gathering from the driver’s input. To achieve this goal, the thesis includes introduction to man-machine systems and basic information about functions and runtime game engine employs. Research about commonly used open source game engines is also presented with a detailed focus on the engine we chose - Unreal Engine. In conclusion ofthis thesis, a full version of a car driving simulator is created with gathered data analysis.

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Census operations are very important events in the history of a nation. These operations cover every bit of land and property of the country and its citizens. Census data is also known as demographic data providing valuable information to various users, particularly planners to know the trends in the key areas. Since 2006, Turkey aims to produce this census data not as &ldquo
de-facto&rdquo
(static) but as &ldquo
de-jure&rdquo
(real-time) by the new Address Based Register Information System (ABPRS). Besides, by this new register based census, personal information is matched with their address information and censuses gained a spatial dimension. Data obtained from this kind of a system can be a great input for the creation of &ldquo
small statistical areas (SSAs)&rdquo
which can compose of street blocks or any other small geographical unit to which social data can be referenced and to establish a complete census geography for Turkey. Because, statistics on large administrative units are only necessary for policy design only at an extremely abstracted level of analysis which is far from &quot
real&quot
problems as experienced by individuals.In this thesis, it is aimed to employ some spatial clustering and districting methodologies to automatically produce SSAs which are basically built upon the ABPRS data that is geo-referenced with the aid of geographical information systems (GIS) and thus help improving the census geography concept which is limited with only higher level administrative boundaries in Turkey. In order to have a clear idea of what strategy to choose for its realization, small area identification criteria and methodologies are searched by looking into the United Nations&rsquo
recommendations and by taking some national and international applications into consideration. In addition, spatial clustering methods are examined for obtaining SSAs which fulfills these criteria in an automated fashion. Simulated annealing on k-means clustering, only k-means clustering and simulated annealing on k-means clustering of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) unified distances are deemed as suitable methods. Then these methods are implemented on parcel and block datasets having either raw data or socio-economic status (SES) indices in nine neighborhoods of Ke&ccedil
i&ouml
ren whose graphical and non-graphical raw data are manipulated, geo-referenced and combined in common basemaps. Consequently, simulated annealing refinement on k-means clustering of SOM u-distances is selected as the optimum method for constructing SSAs for all datasets after making a comparative quality assessment study which allows us to see how much each method obeyed the basic criteria of small area identification while creating SSA layers.

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Small companies can more flexible react to the present economic crise on one side, but on the other side they are very influenced by unpredictability and continous external factor changes From that reason the current economic crise can contribute to the development of various managerial simulation enabling better support in the company decision making. This new condition and rules "rebuilding" without question means also the creation of new opportunity. The decision making should be supported by suitable decision making systems to be able to quickly react, specially for small companies. This role can play business flight simulators on the basis of system dynamics, which can help small companies make strategy decision. And just the analysis of possibility how to use business flight simulators for the strategy decision in the sector of small companies is the main goal of this thesis. First the present state research had to be done and the definition of small companies and the business strategy was set. Further in this thesis the analysis of using bussines flight simulators for strategy decision making are described. This analysis is influenced by two main factors -- thin capitalization and the current business complexity - which declare the general failure in small companies sector. On these factors of failure the business flight simulator using is tested by creating models in the software for decision making support. The part of all models is the company definition from the resources view, external and internal influences including "soft" factors and the developing of the model which is the base of the business flight simulator. Within the exploring, the questionare research in the small company sector was carried out. This research should show how Czech companies use bussiness flight simulators, if they want to try them or if their decisions are supported by this kind of decision making systems. The own development of model cases reflecting these main factors of the failure and their possible solution made in the software for decision making, which was tested at one small company, the analysis of business flight simulators using by questionare research in the sector of Czech small companies and sugessted recomandation could be taken as a main and scientific benefit of this thesis.

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The thesis deals with a potential application of welding simulators in basic courses of welding held in welding schools. The first section briefly describes the welding simulators in the global market. There is a detailed description and the control of the welding simulator Virtual Welding, a description of core courses of welding and the necessary welding technology in the following section. Experiments with a welding simulator are carried out in the last section and also their evaluation, comparison and summary of costs.

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Networked control over wireless networks is of growing importance in many application domains such as industrial control, building automation and transportation systems. Wide deployment however, requires systematic design tools to enable efficient resource usage while guaranteeing close-loop control performance. The control system may be greatly affected by the inherent imperfections and limitations of the wireless medium and malfunction of system components. In this thesis, we make five important contributions that address these issues. In the first contribution, we consider event- and self-triggered control and investigate how to efficiently tune and execute these paradigms for appropriate control performance. Communication strategies for aperiodic control are devised, where we jointly address the selection of medium-access control and scheduling policies. Experimental results show that the best trade-off is obtained by a hybrid scheme, combining event- and self-triggered control together with contention-based and contention-free medium access control. The second contribution proposes an event-based method to select between fast and slow periodic sampling rates. The approach is based on linear quadratic control and the event condition is a quadratic function of the system state. Numerical and experimental results show that this hybrid controller is able to reduce the average sampling rate in comparison to a traditional periodic controller, while achieving the same closed-loop control performance. In the third contribution, we develop compensation methods for out-of-order communications and time-varying delays using a game-theoretic minimax control framework. We devise a linear temporal coding strategy where the sensor combines the current and previous measurements into a single packet to be transmitted. An experimental evaluation is performed in a multi-hop networked control scenario with a routing layer vulnerability exploited by a malicious application. The experimental and numerical results show the advantages of the proposed compensation schemes. The fourth contribution proposes a distributed reconfiguration method for sensor and actuator networks. We consider systems where sensors and actuators cooperate to recover from faults. Reconfiguration is performed to achieve model-matching, while minimizing the steady-state estimation error covariance and a linear quadratic control cost. The reconfiguration scheme is implemented in a room heating testbed, and experimental results demonstrate the method's ability to automatically reconfigure the faulty system in a distributed and fast manner. The final contribution is a co-simulator, which combines the control system simulator Simulink with the wireless network simulator COOJA. The co-simulator integrates physical plant dynamics with realistic wireless network models and the actual embedded software running on the networked devices. Hence, it allows for the validation of the complete wireless networked control system, including the study of the interactions between software and hardware components.

QC 20140929

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To all who come to this fictitious place:Welcome.Fauxtopia is your land. Here, age relives distorted memories of the past, and here, youth may savor the challenge of trying to understand the present. Fauxtopia is made up of the ideals, the dreams and the fuzzy facts which have re-created reality... with the hope that it will be a source of edutainment for all the world.Ray KampfFauxtopia DedicationApril 1st, 2004

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Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death and injury among teenagers. The crash risk is highest for young male drivers with young male passengers. The goal of this study is to find out why young males are at such high risk. One possible explanation could be the Sexual Selection Theory (Darwin, 1871), which emphasizes the competitive nature of young males that may determine their behaviour for future benefits. I tested if there was competition between males that made them take more risks while driving in the simulator. Various driving performance variables (speed, car following distance, standard deviation of the lateral position, hazard response times, number of vehicles passed) and individual differences variables (risky driving, risk perception, sensation seeking, competitiveness) were measured. Results provided little support for the effect of interpersonal competition and an opportunity for discussion arose.
AUTO21, Ontario Innovation Trust (OIT), Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI).

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
電機工程學系
101
In this thesis, we implement a new medium access control protocol, named DS-MAC (Distributed-Scheduling MAC) for wireless sensor networks to lower end-to-end packet delay and energy consumption. Usually, sensor nodes switch between sleep and active modes to decrease energy loss. As a result, the end-to-end delays of packets that travel many hops or is under congested traffic are excessively large. Similar to the well-known S-MAC protocol, the DS-MAC protocol has three periods in each cycle: Sync period, Control period, and Data/Sleep period. We divide Data/Sleep period into multiple mini-frames. Sender and receiver execute DATA/ACK handshake in the mini-frames. In Sync period, each node broadcast or receive Sync packets to maintain a synchronized network. In Control period, every node contends for the communication channel by utilising the CSMA/CA mechanism. We use the scheduling table and the mini-frame field in one RTS/CTS packet to establish and record the packet schedules. The mini-frame field in RTS/CTS is that receivers execute DATA/ACK handshake with senders by being based on the mini-frame which is given by senders. Senders update the packet schedules according as the mini-frame is given by receivers. Then, each node receives RTS/CTS not for myself in order that per node can know the situations of using mini-frames for neighbor nodes. The packet schedules of all nodes are established in a distributed manner. In Data/Sleep period, each sensor node merely follows the assigned mini-frame in its own scheduling table to send or receive a DATA packet. The major benefit of DS-MAC is that a node can serve multiple packets in one cycle. We have compared the DS-MAC protocol with the adaptive S-MAC protocol in terms of end-to-end packet delay and energy consumption. The simulation results show that the DS-MAC protocol has great performance, especially under high traffic load.

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abstract: The success of genetically-modified T-cells in treating hematological malignancies has accelerated the research timeline for Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy. Since there are only two approved products (Kymriah and Yescarta), the process knowledge is limited. This leads to a low efficiency at manufacturing stage with serious challenges corresponding to high cost and scalability. In addition, the individualized nature of the therapy limits inventory and creates a high risk of product loss due to supply chain failure. The sector needs a new manufacturing paradigm capable of quickly responding to individualized demands while considering complex system dynamics. The research formulates the problem of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) manufacturing design, understanding the performance for large scale production of personalized therapies. The solution looks to develop a simulation environment for bio-manufacturing systems with single-use equipment. The result is BioMan: a discrete-event simulation model that considers the role of therapy's individualized nature, type of processing and quality-management policies on process yield and time, while dealing with the available resource constraints simultaneously. The tool will be useful to understand the impact of varying factor inputs on Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell manufacturing and will eventually facilitate the decision-maker to finalize the right strategies achieving better processing, high resource utilization, and less failure rates.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Industrial Engineering 2020

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碩士
崑山科技大學
資訊管理研究所
102
With rapid development of the Internet technologies, they accelerate the growing of e-commerce. For e-commerce, it includes three categories of processing flow in the context, namely information flow, logistics and cash flow aggregating the interactions among users, businesses, banks and card issuers. Generally speaking, e-commerce system might have sophisticated interfaces in dealing with cash flow which actually needs an automatic processing to meet the demands for online transactions. Web Services, a new standardized technique with technical elasticity and scalability to provide the interface between complex e-commerce transaction messages, have been developed to aggregate online network services. The present study uses Web service technique as the core technology to build a simulated cash flow system with automation processing for an online shopping mall to solving the problems regarding different organizations of process integration between information systems and communication message formats. Online shopping APPs on Android platform were also developed to provide the customers anytime, anywhere technical supports to enhance the quality and convenience of mobile commerce services.

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碩士
輔仁大學
體育學系碩士班
104
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical training on the Heart Rate, Blood Lactate, Blood Urea Nitrogen and Serum Creatine Kinase levels in men's Taekwondo Players at 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training. Methods: This study was based on 12 male college students, subjects were randomly assigned to experimental group 6 and control group 6, in the experimental group were 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training Simulation, the control group were normal training schedule. When before and after training, all the subjects were required to do the fitness and biological sampling. The obtained data were Nonparametric Statistics - independent sample - test and paired sample test, two groups before and after the test. Results: First, after 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated Race Fitness Training, the experimental group was in the pre - and post test, and the first to third after the exercise of 1 minutes, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, 9 minutes of Heart Rate, the number of Nonparametric Statistics test p<.05 significant differences; quiet Heart Rate p>.05, did not reach significant differences. Second, after 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training, the experimental group in the pre - and post test, Blood Lactic and Blood Lactic recovery in fifth minute the game, the number of Nonparametric Statistics test p<.05, there is a significant difference; 24 hours restore Blood Lactic p>.05, did not achieve significant differences. Third, After 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training, the experimental group in the pre and post test, Blood Urea Nitrogen recovery in fifth minute after the game, the number of Nonparametric Statistics test P<.05, there was a significant difference; 24 hours of recovery of Blood Urea Nitrogen and Blood Urea Nitrogen restoration rate p>.05, did not reach significant difference. Fourth, after 4 weeks of high intensity simulated physical training, Experimental group in the pre and post test, in fifth minute after the game Creatine Kinase and 24 hours to restore the Creatine Kinase, The number of Nonparametric Statistics test p<.05, There was significant difference; The recovery rate of Creatine Kinase p>.05, did not reach significant differences. Conclusion: First, after 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training, can effectively reduce the men's Taekwondo Athletes in the Sport heart rate in each round of the Heart Rate, to enhance the performance of aerobic endurance athletes. Second, after 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training, can effectively improve the physical fitness of men's Taekwondo Players after the exercise Heart Rate recovery rate, improve the ability of players to have oxygen recovery. Third, after 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training, can effectively improve the exercise of men's Taekwondo Players after the Blood Lactic accumulation rate, the ability to strengthen the anaerobic system of the players. Fourth, after 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training, Male Taekwondo Players match fitness can be effectively reduced, Blood Urea Nitrogen production rate, reduce players in the quantitative load exercise intensity and degree of fatigue, improve players in anaerobic energy supply system of tolerance. Fifth, after 4 weeks of High Intensity Simulated race Fitness Training, can effectively improve the Male Taekwondo Players match fitness after Creatine Kinase produce rate and recovery rate and delay muscle injury and sports fatigue, strengthen the players on the Anaerobic Glycolytic Capacity and Aerobic System Capabilities.

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Robots moving about in complex environments must be capable of determining and performing difficult motion sequences to accomplish tasks. As the tasks become more complicated, robots with greater dexterity are required. An increase in the number of degrees of freedom and a desire for autonomy in uncertain environments with real-time requirements leaves much room for improvement in the current popular robot motion planning algorithms. In this thesis, state of the art robot motion planning techniques are surveyed. A solution to the general movers problem in the context of motion planning for robots is presented. The proposed robot motion planner solves the general movers problem using a sample-based tree planner combined with an incremental simulator. The robot motion planner is demonstrated both in simulation and the real world. Experiments are conducted and the results analyzed. Based on the results, methods for tuning the robot motion planner to improve the performance are proposed.

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No
Avoiding collision among contending customer premise equipments (CPEs) attempting to associate with a base station (BS) in a wireless regional area network (WRAN) is a challenging issue. The collision probability is highly dependent upon the size of the initial contention window and the number of contending CPEs. To reduce the collision probability among CPEs in order to start the ranging process in an IEEE 802.22 network, the BS needs to adjust the initial contention window size. This paper provides an analytical framework to estimate the ranging request collision probability depending upon the size of the initial contention window and the number of CPEs attempting to join the IEEE WRAN cell. The accuracy of the estimated curve is analyzed for various numbers of contention CPEs on the basis of the relative errors. The numerical results confirm that the approximation works reasonably well for finding the ranging request collision probability for any number of contention CPEs at a particular value of initial contention window size. Moreover, this approximation provides the threshold size for a contention window to start the initial ranging process for any number of CPEs in an IEEE 802.22 network. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
In recent years, magnesium alloys, due to their high strength and biocompatibility, have attracted significant interest in medical applications, such as cardiovascular stents, orthopedic implants, and devices. To overcome the high corrosion rate of magnesium alloys, coatings have been developed on the alloy surface. Most coating methods, such as anodic oxidation, polymer coating and chemical conversion coating, cannot produce satisfactory coating to be used in human body environment. Recent studies demonstrate that micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique can produce hard, dense, wear-resistant and well-adherent oxide coatings for light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium. Though there are many previous studies, the understanding of processing conditions on coating performance remains elusive. Moreover, previous tests were done in simulated body fluid. No test has been done in a cell culture medium, which is much closer to human body environment than simulated body fluid. In this study, the effect of MAO processing time (1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes) on the electrochemical behaviors of the coating in both conventional simulated body fluid and a cell culture medium has been investigated. Additionally a new electrolyte (12 g/L Na2SiO3, 4 g/L NaF and 4 ml/L C3H8O3) has been used in the MAO coating process. Electrochemical behaviors were measured by performing potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. In addition to the tests in simulated body fluid, the MAO-coated and uncoated samples were immersed in a cell culture medium to investigate the corrosion behaviors and compare the difference in these two kinds of media. The results show that in the immersion tests in conventional simulated body fluid, the 20-minute MAO coated sample has the best resistance to corrosion due to the largest coating thickness. In contrast, in the cell culture medium, all MAO coated samples demonstrate a similar high corrosion resistance behavior, independent of MAO processing time. This is probably due to the organic passive layers formed on the coating surfaces. Additionally, a preliminary finite element model has been developed to simulate the immersion test of magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid. Comparison between the predicted corrosion current density and experimental data is discussed.